Low-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence provides important insights into the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants and algae. The 77 K steady-state emission spectrum of thylakoid preparations consists of well-defined peaks, attributed to different components of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain and allows monitoring of their functional state and interactions. For this purpose, we are using the FluoroMax Plus spectrofluorometer (Horiba). The low-temperature fluorescence was used in the following research papers: Dall'Osto, et al, Nat Plants (2017) 10;3: 17033,  Kosuge K. et al., PNAS (2018) 115(14): 3722–3727.   Location B3:36:51.