@article{peters_hydroxycarboxylic_2022,
	title = {Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 and {GPR84} – {Two} metabolite-sensing {G} protein-coupled receptors with opposing functions in innate immune cells},
	volume = {176},
	issn = {1043-6618},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661821006319},
	doi = {10/gn29gj},
	abstract = {G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulatory proteins of immune cell function inducing signaling in response to extracellular (pathogenic) stimuli. Although unrelated, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3) and GPR84 share signaling via Gαi/o proteins and the agonist 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3HDec). Both receptors are abundantly expressed in monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils but have opposing functions in these innate immune cells. Detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling components involved in immune cell regulation by GPR84 and HCA3 are still lacking. Here, we report that GPR84-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling depends on coupling to the hematopoietic cell-specific Gα15 protein in human macrophages, while HCA3 exclusively couples to Gαi protein. We show that activated GPR84 induces Gα15-dependent ERK activation, increases intracellular Ca2+ and IP3 levels as well as ROS production. In contrast, HCA3 activation shifts macrophage metabolism to a less glycolytic phenotype, which is associated with anti-inflammatory responses. This is supported by an increased release of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-1β. In primary human neutrophils, stimulation with HCA3 agonists counteracts the GPR84-induced neutrophil activation. Our analyses reveal that 3HDec acts solely through GPR84 but not HCA3 activation in macrophages. In summary, this study shows that HCA3 mediates hyporesponsiveness in response to metabolites derived from dietary lactic acid bacteria and uncovers that GPR84, which is already targeted in clinical trials, promotes pro-inflammatory signaling via Gα15 protein in macrophages.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-10},
	journal = {Pharmacological Research},
	author = {Peters, Anna and Rabe, Philipp and Liebing, Aenne-Dorothea and Krumbholz, Petra and Nordström, Anders and Jäger, Elisabeth and Kraft, Robert and Stäubert, Claudia},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {D-phenyllactic acid, GPR84, Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3, Lactic acid bacteria, Macrophages, Neutrophils},
	pages = {106047},
}

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulatory proteins of immune cell function inducing signaling in response to extracellular (pathogenic) stimuli. Although unrelated, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3) and GPR84 share signaling via Gαi/o proteins and the agonist 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3HDec). Both receptors are abundantly expressed in monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils but have opposing functions in these innate immune cells. Detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling components involved in immune cell regulation by GPR84 and HCA3 are still lacking. Here, we report that GPR84-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling depends on coupling to the hematopoietic cell-specific Gα15 protein in human macrophages, while HCA3 exclusively couples to Gαi protein. We show that activated GPR84 induces Gα15-dependent ERK activation, increases intracellular Ca2+ and IP3 levels as well as ROS production. In contrast, HCA3 activation shifts macrophage metabolism to a less glycolytic phenotype, which is associated with anti-inflammatory responses. This is supported by an increased release of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-1β. In primary human neutrophils, stimulation with HCA3 agonists counteracts the GPR84-induced neutrophil activation. Our analyses reveal that 3HDec acts solely through GPR84 but not HCA3 activation in macrophages. In summary, this study shows that HCA3 mediates hyporesponsiveness in response to metabolites derived from dietary lactic acid bacteria and uncovers that GPR84, which is already targeted in clinical trials, promotes pro-inflammatory signaling via Gα15 protein in macrophages.

@article{marhava_recent_2022,
	title = {Recent developments in the understanding of {PIN} polarity},
	volume = {233},
	issn = {1469-8137},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.17867},
	doi = {10/gnr3sd},
	abstract = {Polar localization of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2021-12-14},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	author = {Marhava, Petra},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {PIN clustering, PIN polarity establishment, PIN polarity maintenance, auxin transport, self-reinforcing polarity},
	pages = {624--630},
}

Polar localization of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.

@article{li_towards_2022,
	title = {Towards understanding the biological foundations of perenniality},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1360-1385},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138521002181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.007},
	abstract = {Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials’ physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-09-30},
	journal = {Trends in Plant Science},
	author = {Li, Zheng and Lathe, Rahul S. and Li, Jinping and He, Hong and Bhalerao, Rishikesh P.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {perenniality, polycarpy, seasonal adaptation, sustainable agriculture},
	pages = {56--68},
}

Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials’ physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.

@incollection{johansson_perennial_2022,
	address = {New York, NY},
	series = {Methods in {Molecular} {Biology}},
	title = {The {Perennial} {Clock} {Is} an {Essential} {Timer} for {Seasonal} {Growth} {Events} and {Cold} {Hardiness}},
	isbn = {978-1-07-161912-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_18},
	abstract = {Over the last several decades, changes in global temperatures have led to changes in local environments affecting the growth conditions for many species. This is a trend that makes it even more important to understand how plants respond to local variations and seasonal changes in climate.To detect daily and seasonal changes as well as acute stress factors such as cold and drought, plants rely on a circadian clock. This chapter introduces the current knowledge and literature about the setup and function of the circadian clock in various tree and perennial species, with a focus on the Populus genus.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-12-01},
	booktitle = {Plant {Circadian} {Networks}: {Methods} and {Protocols}},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	author = {Johansson, Mikael and Ibáñez, Cristian and Takata, Naoki and Eriksson, Maria E.},
	editor = {Staiger, Dorothee and Davis, Seth and Davis, Amanda Melaragno},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_18},
	keywords = {Bud burst, Bud set, Circadian clock, Cold tolerance, Growth, Perennial plants, Populus, Seasonal regulation},
	pages = {227--242},
}

Over the last several decades, changes in global temperatures have led to changes in local environments affecting the growth conditions for many species. This is a trend that makes it even more important to understand how plants respond to local variations and seasonal changes in climate.To detect daily and seasonal changes as well as acute stress factors such as cold and drought, plants rely on a circadian clock. This chapter introduces the current knowledge and literature about the setup and function of the circadian clock in various tree and perennial species, with a focus on the Populus genus.

@incollection{johansson_monitoring_2022,
	address = {New York, NY},
	series = {Methods in {Molecular} {Biology}},
	title = {Monitoring {Seasonal} {Bud} {Set}, {Bud} {Burst}, and {Cold} {Hardiness} in {Populus}},
	isbn = {978-1-07-161912-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_17},
	abstract = {Using a perennial model plant allows the study of reoccurring seasonal events in a way that is not possible using a fast-growing annual such as A. thaliana (Arabidopsis). In this study, we present a hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) as our perennial model plant. These plants can be grown in growth chambers to shorten growth periods and manipulate day length and temperature in ways that would be impossible under natural conditions. In addition, the use of growth chambers allows easy monitoring of height and diameter expansion, accelerating the collection of data from new strategies that allow evaluation of promoters or inhibitors of growth. Here, we describe how to study and quantify responses to seasonal changes (mainly using P. tremula × P. tremuloides) by measuring growth rate and key events under different photoperiodic cycles.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-12-01},
	booktitle = {Plant {Circadian} {Networks}: {Methods} and {Protocols}},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	author = {Johansson, Mikael and Takata, Naoki and Ibáñez, Cristian and Eriksson, Maria E.},
	editor = {Staiger, Dorothee and Davis, Seth and Davis, Amanda Melaragno},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_17},
	keywords = {Bud burst, Bud set, Cold acclimation, Critical day length, Freezing tolerance, Perennial, Photoperiod, Populus},
	pages = {215--226},
}

Using a perennial model plant allows the study of reoccurring seasonal events in a way that is not possible using a fast-growing annual such as A. thaliana (Arabidopsis). In this study, we present a hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) as our perennial model plant. These plants can be grown in growth chambers to shorten growth periods and manipulate day length and temperature in ways that would be impossible under natural conditions. In addition, the use of growth chambers allows easy monitoring of height and diameter expansion, accelerating the collection of data from new strategies that allow evaluation of promoters or inhibitors of growth. Here, we describe how to study and quantify responses to seasonal changes (mainly using P. tremula × P. tremuloides) by measuring growth rate and key events under different photoperiodic cycles.